Use Of Helium

Helium is known as He on the periodic table. Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe and was discovered on the sun before it was found on the earth. It has been detected in great abundance in hotter stars and it is an important component in both the proton-proton reaction and the carbon cycle, which accounts for the energy of the sun and stars.
Helium is commercially recovered from natural gas deposits.

Use Of Helium In Our Daily Life
Use Of Helium In Medical
Use Of Helium In Everyday Life

Configuring Helium Wallets for Validators - Additional wallet commands for use with validators. Scores and Penalties - Overview of validator scores and penalties. Troubleshooting - Troubleshooting help and additional resources. Test Cases - Test cases and areas of focus for the Testnet. After the crash of the hydrogen-filled R101, in which most of the crew died in the subsequent fire rather than the impact itself, Hindenburg designer Hugo Eckener sought to use helium, a non. Helium usually makes up a minuscule portion of natural gas, but can make up as much as 10 percent of natural gas in some fields. A helium content of 0.3 percent or more is considered necessary for commercial helium extraction. In 2012, helium was recovered at 16 extraction plants, from gas wells in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and Wyoming. Common Uses of Helium. Evidence shows that the human voice can be changed with a bit of. The largest use of helium is in cryogenics, where the element’s extremely low boiling point and low density make it a valuable tool forwell, freezing stuff (and people). Helium is used as a protective gas when growing silicon crystals for semiconductor applications.

Helium is used as an inert shield for arc welding to pressurize the fuel tanks of liquid fueled rockets and in supersonic wind tunnels. Helium is combined with oxygen to create a nitrogen free atmosphere for deep sea divers so that they will not suffer from a condition known as nitrogen narcosis. Liquid helium is an important cryogenic material and is used to study superconductivity and to create superconductive magnets.
Liquid helium’s use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) continues to increase as the medical profession accepts and develops new uses for the equipment.
The most readily recognized use for helium gas is to inflate blimps, scientific balloons and party balloons. Did you know it would take 6000 helium balloons to lift a 37/38kg child into the air?

In everyday life Helium is use for:

Airships
As helium is lighter than air it can be used to inflate airships, blimps and balloons, providing lift. Although hydrogen is cheaper and more buoyant, helium is preferred as it is non-flammable and therefore safer.
MRI scanners
Helium’s low boiling point makes it useful for cooling metals needed for superconductivity, from cooling the superconducting magnets in medical MRI scanners to maintaining the low temperature of the Large Hadron Collider at Cern.
Deep-sea diving
Divers and others working under pressure use mixtures of helium, oxygen and nitrogen to breathe underwater, avoiding the problems caused by breathing ordinary air under high pressure, which include disorientation.
Rockets
As well as being used to clean out rocket engines, helium is used to pressurise the interior of liquid fuel rockets, condense hydrogen and oxygen to make rocket fuel, and force fuel into the engines during rocket launches.
Dating
Helium can be used to estimate the age of rocks and minerals containing uranium and thorium by measuring their retention of helium.
Telescopes
The gas is used in solar telescopes to prevent the heating of the air, which reduces the distorting effects of temperature variations in the space between lenses. Inhaling helium temporarily changes the sound of a person’s voice. Though helium is non-toxic, breathing it can result in asphyxiation due to oxygen deprivation.

Sources: http://www.randburgballoons.co.za/about.html

Like most blockchains, Helium has a system of transaction fees. All transactionsin the Helium blockchain are paid in Data Credits (DCs). Data Credits areproduced via burning some amount of HNT using an on-chain transaction. Andthanks to a system called 'Implicit Burn', users (typically) don't need tomanually supply DCs to pay fees. As long as the Helium wallet being used tosubmit the transaction contains enough HNT to burn to DCs to fund thetransaction, the burn will happen implicitly, requiring no user intervention.

Transaction Fee Schedule

The following is a list of the current set of fees required for varioustransactions, along with their details. Transaction fees are paid in DataCredits. (Note that the cost is not shown in HNT as this number is variablebased on the current $USD/HNT price as defined by the HNT Price Oracle.)

Fee Type	Fee Description	Cost (DC)	Cost ($USD)
Send HNT	Transferring HNT from wallet to wallet	`Variable`	`Variable`
Transferring Device Packet Data	Fee paid by device owner when sending or receiving sensor data. Metered per 24 bytes.	`1`	`$.00001`
Add Miner	Fee paid to add Miner to the blockchain. (Only applies to non-Helium Hotspots.)	`4000000`	`$40`
Assert Miner Location	Required when asserting a Gateway's location. (The first two assertions for Helium Hotspots are paid by Helium, Inc. )	`1000000`	`$10`
Purchasing a blockchain OUI	Buy an OUI from the Helium blockchain	`10000000`	`$100`
Purchasing a blockchain Subnet	Buy a Subnet from the Helium blockchain	`10000000`	`$100`

Calculating the DC cost for Sending HNT

As noted above, the DC cost of a Send transaction is variable. The precisecost is based on the size of the transaction, in bytes. Once the size iscalculated, we apply a 5000x multiplier. For a typical send transaction, whereone wallet is sending to one wallet(like this one here),the complete transaction is made up of the following:

Transaction Component	Component Size (Bytes)
Payer Wallet Key	33
Payee Wallet Key	33
Payer Signature	64
Nonce	3 (approximate; ranges from 2-4)
Payment Amount	6 (approximate; ranges from 4-8)

In total, this is 139 bytes.
Each 24 bytes requires one Data Credit (as is the case when you'retransferring device packet data).
139 / 24 results in 6 Data Credits.
We then apply our 5000x multiplier, and the result is a transaction fee
This results in a 30000 Data Credit cost for the above transaction.

Transaction Fees and Implicit Burn

The Helium blockchain uses something called implicit burn when paying fees.

Implicit Burn™

The term implicit burn was coined by Helium PM Coco 'cokes' Tang, a recognizedinnovator in the blockchain technology and terminology space.

Thanks to Implicit Burn™, if you have enough HNT in your wallet to pay thetransaction fee, the Helium Mobile Wallet (or the Helium Wallet CLI) willcalculate the DC cost of your transaction and the blockchain will automaticallyburn the precise amount of HNT to supply the required DCs for the transaction.For example:

You need to send 10 HNT from a Helium Wallet that contains 11 HNT
The cost for this send transaction is 35000 DCs
Let's assume the HNT/$USD Oracle Price is $.35 at the time you send theHNT. This means that you'll need to supply a 1HNT to fund the 35000 DCsfor this transaction.
When you send the 10 HNT, the Helium Wallet automatically supplies the1 HNT to be burned into DCs.
After the transaction is submitted and processed, your resulting Helium Walletbalance will be 0 HNT.

Use Of Helium In Our Daily Life

In the above example, had you attempted to send 10.0001HNT with only. 11 HNTin your wallet, this transaction would have failed as burning .999 HNT wouldonly result in 34965 DCs, a mere 35 DCs short of the 35000 required for asend transaction.

Use Of Helium In Medical

Failed Transactions Result in No DCs Being Spent

Use Of Helium In Everyday Life

Transactions in the Helium blockchain are atomic. In short, this means thatthey either succeed entirely or they don't. So, if you attempt to send HNT froma Helium Wallet without enough HNT to supply the required Data Credits, thetransaction will fail after being submitted to the blockchain API by yourwallet. And your HNT balance will be the same. No DCs were burned (orharmed) in this failed transaction.